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Science and technology determine the future of oil and gas, and science and technology create the future of oil and gas. Breaking through the technical bottleneck of key oil and gas exploration theory is an important guarantee for achieving a high level of self-reliance.

China's modern oil industry developed after the founding of New China. Over the past 75 years, under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China and through the unremitting efforts of several generations of oil people, China has become a major oil-producing country in the world from an "oil-poor country" and has established a relatively complete theoretical and technical system for oil and gas exploration. key theoretical and technological breakthroughs have promoted the rapid development of China's oil industry and effectively guaranteed the needs of national energy security and economic and social development.

Major Oil and Gas Discovery Driven by Breakthrough in Oil and Gas Exploration Theory and Technology

Throughout the history of China's petroleum industry, every breakthrough in oil and gas geological theory and technology has led to major oil and gas discoveries.

From 1950 to 1959, China's oil and gas exploration focused on the western region, based on the theory of anticline reservoir formation, using gravity magnetoelectric method, two-dimensional simulation of seismic, jet drilling and other technologies, the foreland zone of the basin and the inland area of the back basin, focusing on field geological survey and theoretical research on reservoir-forming geological conditions, put forward the theory of China's continental oil generation, and gradually formed the theoretical framework of China's petroleum geology as a guide, the Karamay oil field and the Chuanzhong oil and gas area were discovered, which laid the foundation of China's modern petroleum industry.

After 1958, with the approval of the central government, my country's petroleum industry strategy moved eastward, using two-dimensional digital seismic and rotary drilling rigs, and successively carried out oil battles in Songliao and Bohai Bay basins, which further verified the scientific value of the continental oil generation theory. The exploration theories such as "source control theory" and "compound oil and gas accumulation (area) zone" have formed a more systematic continental oil and gas geological theory. Taking this as a guide, the Daqing Oilfield and the Bohai Bay Basin oil and gas area were discovered one after another. In 1978, the crude oil output reached 0.1 billion tons, ushering in the first peak of oil reserve growth. my country became one of the world's major oil producers.

In 1985, the central government made a strategic deployment of "stabilizing the east and developing the west" for the petroleum industry. Using three-dimensional seismic, 5-7km drilling rig, horizontal drilling and other technologies, oil and gas exploration was fully launched in major basins across the country. In the practice of oil and gas exploration in marine carbonate strata, the marine oil and gas geological theory and supporting engineering technology system have been explored and formed, and the theory of petroleum geology in China has been further enriched and improved. With this as a guide, oil and gas exploration and development have gradually marched into deep-ultra-deep, and large-ultra-large oil and gas fields such as Halahatang, Tazhong, Tahe, Shunbei and Fuman have been discovered in the Tarim Basin, and the Jingbian large gas field has been discovered in the Ordovician in the Ordos Basin, carbonate rock fields of over 100 billion cubic meters have been found in the Sichuan Basin, the Sichuan Paleozoic, the Middle Sichuan Paleozoic, the Sinian Dengying Formation and the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation.

Since the 21st century, China's oil and gas exploration fields and resource types have continued to expand, and new breakthroughs have been made in deep-ultra-deep, offshore-deep water, and conventional-unconventional oil and gas. Aiming at the complex areas of ground and underground such as desert, loess tableland and mountain in the central and western superimposed basins, the three-dimensional seismic technology of "two widths and two heights" was tackled, and the deep-ultra deep oil and gas exploration and development theory technology was explored and formed by adopting underbalanced and deep excellent fast drilling technology. Large gas fields such as Kela 2 and Keshen 2 were discovered in Tarim Basin under the guidance, large and medium-sized gas fields such as Sulige, Daniudi and Dongsheng have been discovered under the guidance of Ordos Basin. Aiming at the eastern and western continental clastic rock series, a large number of large-scale, low-permeability and large-scale lithologic oil and gas accumulation areas have been discovered in Ordos, Songliao, Sichuan and Junggar basins by adopting engineering technologies such as high-resolution 3D seismic, rotary steering drilling and staged fracturing of long horizontal wells, prove the Jiyuan, Qingcheng, Huaqing, Xushen, Xinchang, Mahu and other large oil and gas fields; for the deep water area of the sea, using marine three-dimensional seismic, deep-sea drilling and other engineering technologies, respectively, in the Bohai Sea, East China Sea, Pearl River Estuary, Beibu Gulf Basin to obtain major oil and gas discoveries, sea oil and gas exploration theory and technology is becoming more and more perfect, speeding up the pace of China's offshore basin construction "offshore Daqing" offshore "marine shale gas, different from the accumulation theory of conventional oil and gas reservoirs, based on the two key geological conditions of storage and preservation, the theory of" dual enrichment "of shale gas has been innovated, and large-scale shale gas fields such as Fuling, Weiyuan, Changning and Luzhou have been discovered in the Sichuan Basin. It has achieved a strategic breakthrough from" 0 "to" 1 "for marine shale gas in southern my country, and has become an important part of my country's natural gas resources. The comprehensive deepening and development of my country's oil and gas exploration theory and technology has ensured the sustained high growth of oil and gas proven geological reserves, and has consolidated the resource base for the stable development of crude oil production and the rapid growth of natural gas production.

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